---
image: /generated/articles-docs-cli-render.png
title: npx remotion render
sidebar_label: render
crumb: CLI Reference
---

Render a video or audio based on the entry point, the composition ID and save it to the output location.

```bash
npx remotion render <entry-point|serve-url>? <composition-id> <output-location>
```

You may pass a [Serve URL](/docs/terminology/serve-url) or an [entry point](/docs/terminology/entry-point) as the first argument, otherwise the entry point will be [determined](/docs/terminology/entry-point#which-entry-point-is-being-used).

If `composition-id` is not passed, Remotion will ask you to select a composition.  
If `output-location` is not passed, the media will be rendered into the `out` folder.

## Flags

Besides choosing a video and output location with the command line arguments, the following flags are supported:

### `--props`

<Options id="props" />

:::note
Inline JSON string isn't supported on Windows shells because it removes the `"` character, use a file name instead.
:::

### `--height`<AvailableFrom v="3.2.40" />

<Options id="height" cli />

### `--width`<AvailableFrom v="3.2.40" />

<Options id="width" cli />

### `--fps`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.424" />

<Options id="fps" cli />

### `--duration`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.424" />

<Options id="duration" cli />

### `--concurrency`

<Options id="concurrency" />

### `--pixel-format`

<Options id="pixel-format" />

### `--image-format`<AvailableFrom v="1.4.0" />

<Options id="video-image-format" />

### `--image-sequence-pattern`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.313" />

<Options id="image-sequence-pattern" />

### `--config`<AvailableFrom v="1.2.0" />

<Options id="config" />

### `--env-file`<AvailableFrom v="2.2.0" />

<Options id="env-file" />

### `--jpeg-quality`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.0" />

[Value between 0 and 100 for JPEG rendering quality](/docs/config#setjpegquality). Doesn't work when PNG frames are rendered.

### ~~`--quality`~~<AvailableFrom v="1.4.0" />

Renamed to `--jpeg-quality` in v4.0.0

### `--output` <AvailableFrom v="4.0.0" />

Sets the output file path, as an alternative to the `output-location` positional argument.

### `--overwrite`

[Write to output even if file already exists.](/docs/config#setoverwriteoutput). This flag is enabled by default, use `--overwrite=false` to disable it.

### `--sequence`<AvailableFrom v="1.4.0" />

<Options id="sequence" />

### `--codec`<AvailableFrom v="1.4.0" />

[`h264` or `h265` or `av1` or `png` or `vp8` or `vp9` or `mp3` or `aac` or `wav` or `prores` or `h264-mkv`](/docs/config#setcodec). If you don't supply `--codec`, it will use the H.264 encoder.

If you are rendering on Linux ARM64 GNU, `av1` is not available.

### `--audio-codec`<AvailableFrom v="3.3.42" />

<Options id="audio-codec" />

### `--audio-bitrate`<AvailableFrom v="3.2.32" />

<Options id="audio-bitrate" />

### `--video-bitrate`<AvailableFrom v="3.2.32" />

<Options id="video-bitrate" />

### `--buffer-size`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.78" />

<Options id="buffer-size" />

### `--max-rate`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.78" />

<Options id="max-rate" />

### `--prores-profile`<AvailableFrom v="2.1.6" />

<Options id="prores-profile" />

### `--x264-preset`<AvailableFrom v="4.2.2" />

<Options id="x264-preset" />

### `--gop`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.466" />

<Options id="gop" />

### `--crf`<AvailableFrom v="1.4.0" />

[To set Constant Rate Factor (CRF) of the output](/docs/config#setcrf). Minimum 0. Use this rate control mode if you want to keep the best quality and care less about the file size. This option cannot be set if `--video-bitrate` is set.

:::note
If you enable [hardware acceleration](/docs/hardware-acceleration), you cannot set a `crf`. Use the [`--video-bitrate`](#--video-bitrate) option instead.
:::

### `--browser-executable`<AvailableFrom v="1.5.0" />

<Options id="browser-executable" />

### `--chrome-mode`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.248" />

<Options id="chrome-mode" />

### `--scale`

[Scales the output frames by the factor you pass in.](/docs/scaling) For example, a 1280x720px frame will become a 1920x1080px frame with a scale factor of `1.5`. Vector elements like fonts and HTML markups will be rendered with extra details. `scale` must be greater than 0 and less than equal to 16. Default: `1`.

### `--frames`<AvailableFrom v="2.0.0" />

<Options id="frames" />

### `--every-nth-frame`<AvailableFrom v="3.1.0" />

<Options id="every-nth-frame" />

For example only every second frame, every third frame and so on. Only works for rendering GIFs. [See here for more details.](/docs/render-as-gif#reducing-frame-rate)

### `--muted`<AvailableFrom v="3.2.1" />

[Disables audio output.](/docs/cli/render#--muted) This option may only be used when rendering a video.

### `--enforce-audio-track`<AvailableFrom v="3.2.1" />

[Render a silent audio track if there wouldn't be one otherwise.](/docs/cli/render#--enforce-audio-track).

### `--disallow-parallel-encoding`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.315" />

Disallows the renderer from doing rendering frames and encoding at the same time. This makes the rendering process more memory-efficient, but possibly slower.

### `--number-of-gif-loops`<AvailableFrom v="3.1.0" />

<Options id="number-of-gif-loops" />

### `--color-space`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.28"/>

<Options cli id="color-space" />

### `--hardware-acceleration`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.228" />

<Options cli id="hardware-acceleration" />

### `--bundle-cache`<AvailableFrom v="2.0.0" />

<Options id="bundle-cache" />

### `--log`

[Set the log level](/docs/config#setloglevel). Increase or decrease the amount of output. Acceptable values: `error`, `warn`, `info` (_default_), `verbose`

### `--port`

<Options id="port" />

### `--public-dir`<AvailableFrom v="3.2.13" />

<Options id="public-path" />

### `--timeout`

Define how long a single frame may take to resolve all [`delayRender()`](/docs/delay-render) calls [before it times out](/docs/timeout) in milliseconds. Default: `30000`.

:::info
Not to be confused with the [`--timeout` flag when deploying a Lambda function](/docs/lambda/cli/functions/deploy#--timeout).
:::

### `--ignore-certificate-errors`<AvailableFrom v="2.6.5" />

<Options id="ignore-certificate-errors" />

### `--disable-web-security`<AvailableFrom v="2.6.5" />

<Options id="disable-web-security" />

### ~`--disable-headless`~<AvailableFrom v="2.6.5" />

<Options id="disable-headless" />

### `--dark-mode`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.381"/>

<Options id="dark-mode" />

### `--gl`

<Options id="gl" cli />

### `--user-agent`<AvailableFrom v="3.3.83"/>

<Options id="user-agent" />

### `--media-cache-size-in-bytes`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.352"/>

<Options id="media-cache-size-in-bytes" />

### `--offthreadvideo-cache-size-in-bytes`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.23"/>

<Options cli id="offthreadvideo-cache-size-in-bytes" />

### `--offthreadvideo-video-threads`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.261"/>

<Options id="offthreadvideo-video-threads" />

### `--enable-multiprocess-on-linux`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.42"/>

<Options cli id="enable-multiprocess-on-linux" />

### `--repro`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.88" />

<Options id="repro" />

### `--binaries-directory`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.120" />

<Options cli id="binaries-directory" />

### `--experimental-rspack`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.426" />

<Options id="experimental-rspack" />

### `--sample-rate`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.448" />

<Options cli id="sample-rate" />

### `--for-seamless-aac-concatenation`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.123" />

<Options cli id="for-seamless-aac-concatenation" />

### `--separate-audio-to`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.123" />

<Options cli id="separate-audio-to" />

### `--metadata`<AvailableFrom v="4.0.216" />

<Options cli id="metadata" />

### ~~`--ffmpeg-executable`~~

_removed in v4.0_

[Set a custom `ffmpeg` executable](/docs/config#setffmpegexecutable). If not defined, a `ffmpeg` executable will be searched in `PATH`.

### ~~`--ffprobe-executable`~~ <AvailableFrom v="3.0.17" />

_removed in v4.0_

[Set a custom `ffprobe` executable](/docs/config#setffprobeexecutable). If not defined, a `ffprobe` executable will be searched in `PATH`.